Truth about the Nuclear Industry Leaks out on French Television
France
is famous for being one of the most nuclearized nations in the world, and from
this fact one might assume that the French population has consented to this
status and apathetically gone along with the nation’s energy policy. That might
have been the case in the past, but there are signs that the citizenry are
waking up and nuclear energy is getting much more attention than it does in
North America, where the issue barely gets covered by the mass media and is
never discussed in policy discussions of the major parties.
In
contrast, France has a relatively strong anti-nuclear movement that is actively
opposing nuclear projects and loudly publicizing the numerous problems in the
nuclear sector. The excerpt below shows how the issue made it to mainstream television
on a weekly news panel discussion where veteran journalist Jean-Michel Aphatie spoke
about the nuclear establishment. In France, it is now possible to say on such a
platform such things as “In ten years we will speak of nuclear in France as one
of the greatest scandals ever, an aberrant political decision–and it’s General
de Gaulle* who made it–totally aberrant. Nuclear is a lie.”
For
an American equivalent, one would have to imagine an MSNBC news anchor saying
the same thing about the American nuclear sector—and not immediately being paid
off to terminate his multimillion-dollar contract. As bad as things are in
France, one can at least say that the problem is on the agenda.
The
quote above was spoken in reference to the recent policy announcement made by
Nicolas Hulot, the minister of “transition
écologique et solidaire.” He announced on November 7, 2017 that the
government...
...probably
would not be able to keep its 2025 deadline for reducing the proportion of
electricity generated from nuclear to 50 percent, an admission which angered
ecologists. Environment Minister Nicolas Hulot admitted it “will be difficult
to keep to the 2025 calendar without relaunching energy from fossil fuels.” In
2015, the previous Socialist-dominated parliament passed a law obliging the
government to reduce the proportion of electricity generated from nuclear to 50
percent by 2025 compared with around 75 percent now.[1]
This
was all quite surprising (but maybe not so surprising to some observers)
because Nicolas Hulot had only recently joined the administration of President
Macron after a long career as a filmmaker and activist. For an American
equivalent one would have to imagine someone like Bill McKibben from 360.org
becoming head of the Department of Energy during the Obama administration. It
would never happen, and it probably shouldn’t happen because there is a good
argument to be made that someone with a radical position will be more effective
working from the outside of the halls of power.
In
2009, Nicolas Hulot was on the verge of taking a very radical position against
the interests of the capitalist oligarchy, but critics such as Herve Kempf
wondered if he was ready to lose his accustomed access to mainstream media
platforms:
[Hulot]
answers: “... I don’t understand that so much energy should be necessary to put
what is obvious before our elites. People who have a sometimes dazzling
intelligence have blind spots. That is, they don’t manage to understand that
their economic model will not succeed.” That’s Nicolas Hulot’s problem, and,
consequently, our problem: He believes that political action today is inspired
by the pursuit of the common good. But he forgets the strength of interests:
individual and class interests. What Hulot calls the elites are today an
oligarchy. The oligarchy does not want to hear about the obvious facts of
environmental crisis and social disintegration because the principle objective
of the oligarchy is to maintain its own interests and privileges... When one is
a nice person, it’s difficult to absorb the fact that others are not all so
nice. Nicolas Hulot is about to... no longer speak in vague terms about
“capitalism,” but to plunge a knife into the flesh of class selfishness. He can
do it. But he knows that then, all of a sudden, a number of media and of more
low-profile powers will suddenly find that he has many flaws.[2]
The
fact that Nicolas Hulot had to cave in to the status quo on nuclear energy underscores
what happens when a self-declared radical decides to join government in the
hope of changing the system from within. It becomes obvious that he will be
able to change very little and that he could have been more effective by
pushing for radical change from outside. Furthermore, his decision makes
everyone question his own motives. Did he simply want to maintain a prominent
position and avoid being marginalized? What did he expect to achieve in the
administration of Emmanuel Macron, a former investment banker for Rothschild
and classic neoliberal fan of austericide policies?[3]
Analysis of the
revised energy transition policy by Jean-Michel Aphatie:
Nuclear
energy is said to be a non-carbon energy source which means it contributes to
the fight against global warming because it doesn’t produce CO2.[4] So people have trouble
understanding why ecologists are against nuclear. But we can say that nuclear
is an industry that is extremely polluting.
We
make nuclear energy, electricity from nuclear, for sixty years, and we will
produce very toxic nuclear waste that lasts 100 million years. It’s insane.
This report says nothing except that nuclear is a serious problem.
Closing
the power plants? In France there are fifty reactors. No country has such a
high dependency on nuclear. The choice of nuclear made by President de Gaulle
in the 1960s put France at the top rank of nuclearized countries. Closing the
nuclear power plants is a necessity, but it’s impossible. Why? For two reasons.
First, it would deprive Eléctricité de
France (EDF) of profit. It would be put in danger. Then it would oblige EDF
to begin dismantling projects that would be very expensive. It is believed that
it will take 50 to 100 years to dismantle them. So there is absolutely no way
for EDF to financially support the closing of its reactors. EDF has 180,000
employees. It’s a corporation that is extremely important for the economy. What
Nicolas Hulot (ecology minister) is in fact doing is saving EDF. Though he
doesn’t say so, everyone can understand this.
In
ten years we will speak of nuclear in France as one of the greatest scandals
ever, an aberrant political decision—and it’s General de Gaulle who made it—totally
aberrant. Nuclear is a lie, and that’s what Nicolas Hulot told us this Tuesday
[2017/11/07], in his own way.[5]
* A reader pointed out that the speaker was wrong to say that de Gaulle was responsible for French nuclear energy policy. He was an avid promoter of France restoring its status by developing a nuclear arsenal, but the later drive to develop nuclear energy is more correctly attributed to Valéry Giscard d’Estaing. See this related post.
En Français :
L’énergie nucléaire est une
énergie décarbonnée. C’est à dire qu’elle participe à la lutte contre le
réchauffement climatique puisqu’elle ne produit pas de CO2. Et on a du mal Ã
comprendre à partir de là pourquoi les écologistes sont contre le nucléaire.
Alors on peut dire que le nucléaire est une industrie en fait extrêmement
polluante.
Nous fabriquerons de l’énergie
nucléaire, c’est à dire de l’électricité à partir de l’énergie nucléaire,
pendant 60 ans, et nous produirons des déchets radioactive pendant 100 millions
d’années. C’est un dinguerie. Rien qu’avec ce rapport là on se dit que le
nucléaire est un grave problème.
Fermer les centrales nucléaires et
les réacteurs nucléaires : il y a en France 50 réacteurs. Aucun pays en a
autant. Le choix du nucléaire fait par de Gaulle dans le années 60 a placé la
France en tête des pays nucléarisés. Fermer les centrales nucléaires est une
nécessite mais c’est impossible. Pourquoi ? Pour deux raisons. D’abord
parce que ça priverait EDF de recettes évidentes. Ça le mettrait en danger.
Ensuite ça obligerait EDF à se
lancer dans un démantèlement qui couterait très, très cher. On pense que pour
démanteler les centrales il faut entre 50 ans et un siècle. Et donc EDF n’a
absolument pas les moyens financiers de supporter la fermeture de ses
réacteurs. EDF c’est 180,000 salariés. C’est une entreprise évidemment
extrêmement importante pour l’équilibre économique du pays. Et ce que fait
Nicolas Hulot mardi [2017/11/07], c’est préserver EDF. Il ne le dit pas comme
ça, mais c’est ce qu’il fait. Il ne dit pas autre chose parce que chacun doit
bien comprendre.
Dans dix ans nous parlerons du
nucléaire en France comme l’un des plus grands scandales, une décision
politique aberrante–et c’est Général de Gaulle qui l’a prise–totalement
aberrante.
Le nucléaire est un mensonge et
c’est ce que nous dit à sa manière, Nicolas Hulot mardi [2017/11/07].
Notes
[3] Patrick Marnham, “Who’s behind the mysterious rise of
Emmanuel Macron?” The Spectator, February 4, 2017. https://www.spectator.co.uk/2017/02/whos-behind-the-mysterious-rise-of-emmanuel-macron/.
[4] Although Mr. Aphatie makes some
accurate criticisms of the nuclear industry, he fails here to note that the
nuclear industry has a significant carbon footprint.
[5] This citation comes from the
program C l’hebdo on Canal 5
(France.tv) the week of November 6, 2017. The video was shared on Facebook, but
it has, curiously, vanished from the program’s Youtube channel where all the other episodes from
November 2017 are featured.
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